Justin Ishac

Investigate the two types of sight defect- long-sightedness and short sightedness.

Find the following information:

Long sightedness or Hyperopia

a.       what causes the defect

Hyperopia has many different causes with the main one being genetics (the problem is inherited from your family). Other causes are diabetes, microphthalmia (small eye syndrome) and fovea hypoplasia (a condition where there is a problem with the blood vessels in the retina)

b.      the symptoms displayed

The main symptoms that are displayed by a patient diagnosed with Hyperopia are persistent headaches, eyestrain, inability to work on computers, excessive blinking and dislike or avoidance of reading.

c.       propose what sort of lens may be used to correct each vision.

The lens that would be most suitable to correct Hyperopia is a convex lens. A convex lens is chosen because it moves the image of a distant object forward onto the retina, therefore giving the patient a closer focus or an object.

Short-sightedness or Myopia

a.       what causes the defect

Myopia has a wide range of causes. Some of the main ones are genetics, near work e.g sitting close to the tv and working low light working conditions e.g reading in the dark.

b.      the symptoms displayed

The main symptoms that are displayed by a myopic patient include blurred distance vision, frequent eye squinting and eyestrain.

c.       propose what sort of lens may be used to correct each vision

The type of lens that is used to correct myopic vision is a concave lens. This is because a concave lens bends the incoming light rays slightly outwards therefore an image is produced further back on the retina.  

Fibre Optic technology offers many advantages when used in medical applications.

a. Describe how optical fibre may be used in medical applications

Fibre optic technology is used in many medical instruments. One of the most popular being the otoscope (which is used by a physician to see inside a paitents ear) and one other example being the endoscope (a device which enables a physician to see inside a paitent before they operate on them)

b. Identify the traditional medical techniques that optical fibres may replace

The traditional medical techniques that have been replaced by optical fibres provide an easier and less painful surgical experience for the paitent. For example one such medical technique that has been replaced by optical fibre technology is open heart surgery. By now using a medical instrument that uses optical fibre technology such as the endoscope physicians can now view the organs and vessels before they conduct surgery, as opposed to before this technology was introduced when the physician would have had to make several incisions to the paitent before they could view any organs or vessels.

c. Evaluate the benefits of fibre optic technology to medecine

Fibre optical technology provides many great benefits to medecine and medical instrumentation. By now using optical fibre in medical instruments it replaces traditional medical techniques (such as open heart surgery) which provides a much less daunting surgical experience for both doctor and paitent. Without optical fibre technolgy surgery would be  more innacurate and more dangerous.   

Since the earliest days of astronomy, since the time of Galileo, astronomers have shared a single goal — to see more, see farther, see deeper.

The Hubble Space Telescope’s launch in 1990 sped humanity to one of its greatest advances in that journey. Hubble is a telescope that orbits Earth. Its position above the atmosphere, which distorts and blocks the light that reaches our planet, gives it a view of the universe that typically far surpasses that of ground-based telescopes.

Hubble is one of NASA’s most successful and long-lasting science missions. It has beamed hundreds of thousands of images back to Earth, shedding light on many of the great mysteries of astronomy. Its gaze has helped determine the age of the universe, the identity of quasars, and the existence of dark energy.